The symbol / (oblique stroke) between two words means that either word is
possible. I may/might go means that / may go and I might go are both possible. In
exercise questions this symbol is also used to separate words or phrases which need
to be used in the answer.
Brackets ( ) around a word or phrase mean that it can be left out. There's (some)
milk in the fridge means that there are two possible sentences: There's some milk in
the fridge and There's milk in the fridge.
The symbol ~ means that there is a change of speaker. In the example How are you?
~ I'm fine, thanks, the two sentences are spoken by different people.
The symbol > means that you can go to another place in the book for more
information. > 7 means that you can find out more in Unit 7.
The symbol ► in an exercise means an example.
Starting test
This test will help you to find out which parts of the book you need to spend most
time on. You don't have to do the whole test at once - you could do numbers 2 to 22
first to test your knowledge of verbs. Choose the correct answer - a), b), c) or d).
Some of the questions are quite difficult, so don't worry if you get them wrong.
This book was written to help you get them right in future!
Words and sentences
1 We gave a meal.
a) at the visitors b) for the visitors c) the visitors d) to the visitors
Verbs
2 I'm busy at the moment on the computer.
a) I work b) I'm work c) I'm working d) I working
3 My friend the answer to the question.
a) is know b) know c) knowing d) knows
4 I think I'll buy these shoes really well.
a) They fit b) They have fit c) They're fitting d) They were fitting
5 Where the car?
a) did you park b) did you parked c) parked you d) you parked
6 At nine o'clock yesterday morning we for the bus.
a) wait b) waiting c) was waiting d) were waiting
7 When I looked round the door, the baby quietly.
a) is sleeping b) slept c) was sleeping d) were sleeping
8 Here's my report it at last.
a) I finish b) I finished c) I'm finished d) I've finished
9 I've made some coffee. It's in the kitchen.
a) ever b) just c) never d) yet
10 We to Ireland for our holidays last year.
a) goes b) going c) have gone d) went
11 Robert ill for three weeks. He's still in hospital.
a) had been b) has been c) is d) was
12 My arms are aching now because since two o'clock.
a) I'm swimming b) I swam c) I swim d) I've been swimming
13 I'm very tired. over four hundred miles today.
a) I drive b) I'm driving c) I've been driving d) I've driven
14 When Martin the car, he took it out for a drive.
a) had repaired b) has repaired c) repaired d) was repairing
15 Janet was out of breath because
a) she'd been running b) she did run c) she's been running d) she's run
16 Don't worry. I be here to help you.
a) not b) shall c) willn't d) won't
17 Our friends meet us at the airport tonight.
a) are b) are going to c) go to d) will be to
18 a party next Saturday. We've sent out the invitations.
a) We had b) We have c) We'll have d) We're having
19 I'll tell Anna all the news when her.
a) I'll see b) I'm going to see c) I see d) I shall see
20 At this time tomorrow over the Atlantic.
a) we flying b) we'll be flying c) we'll fly d) we to fly
21 Where's Robert? a shower?
a) Does he have b) Has he c) Has he got d) Is he having
22 I like that coat. It's really nice.
a) am b) do c) very d) yes
Questions, negatives and answers
23 What's the weather like in Canada? How often there?
a) does it snow b) does it snows c) snow it d) snows it
24 Which team the game?
a) did it win b) did they win c) won d) won it
25 What did you leave the meeting early ? ~ I didn't feel very well.
a) away b) because c) for d) like
26 Unfortunately the driver the red light.
a) didn't saw b) didn't see c) no saw d) saw not
27 You haven't eaten your pudding it?
a) Are you no want b) Do you no want c) Don't want you d) Don't you want
28 I really enjoyed the disco. It was great, ?
a) is it b) isn't it c) was it d) wasn't it
29 Are we going the right way? ~ I think
a) indeed b) it c) so d) yes
Modal verbs
30 The chemist's was open, so luckily I
buy some a spirin.
a) can b) can't c) did can d) was able to
31 Susan has to work very hard. I
do her job, I'm sure.
a) can't b) couldn't c) don't d) shouldn't
32 We had a party last night
spend all morni ng cleari ng u p the mess.
a) I must have b) I've been to c) I've had t o d) I've must
33 There was no one else at the box office. I
in a que ue .
a) di dn't nee d t o w ai t b) mu s t n ' t wai t c) ne e dn 't ha v e wa it e d d) nee dn ' t wai t
34
I carr y that ba g f or yo u ? ~ Oh, t ha nk you.
a) Do b) Shall c) Wi ll d) Would
Adjectives and adverbs
68 The house was building.
a) a nice old stone b) a nice stone old c) a stone old nice d) an old nice stone
69 The government is doing nothing to help
a) poor b) the poor c) the poors d) the poor ones
70 The young man seems very
a) sensible b) sensiblely c) sensibley d) sensibly
71 I missed the bus. I was only just in time to catch it.
a) mostly b) near c) nearest d) nearly
72 This detailed map is the atlas.
a) more useful as b) more useful than c) usefuller as d) usefuller than
73 This place gets crowded with tourists every summer.
a) always more b) crowded and more c) from more to more d) more and more
74 Yes, I have got the report it.
a) I just am reading b) I'm just reading c) I'm reading just d) Just I'm reading
75 I've read this paragraph three times, and I understand it.
a) can't still b) can't yet c) still can't d) yet can't
76 We're really sorry. We regret what happened
a) a bit b) much c) very d) very much
Prepositions
77 The village is Sheffield. It's only six miles away.
a) along b) by c) near d) next
78 You can see the details the computer screen.
a) at b) by c) in d) on
79 I've got a meeting Thursday afternoon.
a) at b) in c) on d) to
80 We've lived in this flat five years.
a) ago b) already c) for d) since
81 This car is , if you're interested in buying it.
a) for sale b) in sale c) at sale d) to sell
82 Polly wants to cycle round the world. She's really keen the idea.
a) about b) for c) on d) with
Verbs with prepositions and adverbs
83 I prefer dogs cats. I hate cats.
a) from b) over c) than d) to
84 My father used the money he won to set his own company.
a) forward b) on c) out d) up
85 Don't go too fast. I can't keep you.
a) on to b) on with c) up to d) up with
Reported speech
86 Someone the tickets are free.
a) said me b) said me that c) told me d) told to me
87 Last week Justin said 'I'll do it tomorrow.' He said he would do it
a) the following day b) the previous day c) tomorrow d) yesterday
88 I don't know why Nancy didn't go to the meeting. She said she definitely going.
a) be b) is c) was d) would
89 The librarian asked us so much noise.
a) don't make b) not make c) not making d) not to make
Relative clauses
90 What's the name of the man gave us a lift?
a) he b) what c) which d) who
91 What was that notice ?
a) at that you were looking b) you were looking at c) you were looking at it d) which you were
looking
92 Susan is the woman husband is in hospital.
a) her b) hers the c) whose d) whose the
93 York, last year, is a nice old city.
a) I visited b) that I visited c) which I visited d) whom I visited
94 The accident was seen by some people at a bus stop
a) waited b) waiting c) were waiting d) who waiting
Conditionals and wish
95 If my passport, I'll be in trouble.
a) I lose b) I'll lose c) I lost d) I would lose
96 I haven't got a ticket. If one, I could get in.
a) I'd have b) I had c) I have d) I've got
97 If the bus to the airport hadn't been so late, we the plane.
a) caught b) had caught c) would catch d) would have caught
98 If only people keep sending me bills!
a) don't b) shouldn't c) weren't d) wouldn't
Linking words
99 I just had to take the dog out of the awful weather.
a) although b) despite c) even though d) in spite
100 Anna put the electric fire on warm.
a) for getting b) in order get c) so she gets d) to get
1. Word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc
A Introduction
Look at the different kinds of word in this sentence.
Pronoun Verb Determiner Adjective Noun Preposition Noun Adverb
I
have an important conference at work tomorrow,
Linking word Pronoun Verb Adverb Adjective
So
I
am rather busy.
B What kind of word?
There are eight different kinds of word in English. They are called 'word classes' or 'parts of speech'. Here are
some examples from the conversations in the cafe. The numbers after the examples tell you which units in
the book give you more information. 1 Verb: have, am, is, would, like, come, are, sitting, look 4-75
Noun: conference, work, coffee, party, Saturday, Jessica, friends, corner 76-82
Adjective: important, busy, good, cheap 104-109
Adverb: tomorrow, rather, really, here 113-117
Preposition: at, to, on, in 118-125
Determiner: an, this, our, the 83-97
Pronoun: I, it, you 98-103
Linking word: so, and 150-153
C Words in sentences
Some words can belong to different classes depending on how they are used in a sentence.
VERBS
Can I look at your photos? We
work on Saturday morning.
NOUNS
I like the look of that coat.
I'll be at work tomorrow.
1 Exercises
1 What kind of word? (B)
Read this paragraph and then say which word class each underlined word belongs to. To help you decide,
you can look back at the examples in B.
Andrew didn't go to the cafe with the other students. Rachel told him they were going there , but he wanted
to finish his work. Andrew isn't very sociable . He stays in his room and concentrates totally on his studies.
He's an excellent student, but he doesn't have much fun .
?
to preposition
7 sociable
?
cafe noun 8 in ………………………
1
the…………………………. 9 and …………………….
2
told………………………… 10 totally …………………….
3
they……………………….
11 an ………………………
4
there …………………….
12 excellent …………………….
5
he ………………………… 13 but ……………………
6
finish ……………………
14 fun …………………
2 What kind of word? (B)
Read this paragraph and then write the words in the spaces below. Write the first three verbs under 'Verb', and
so on. Do not write the same word more than once.
Henry thinks Claire is wonderful. He loves her madly, and he dreams of marrying her, but unfortunately he
is rather old for her. Today they are at a cafe with their friends Sarah and Mark, so Henry can't get romantic
with Claire. But he might buy her some flowers later.
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
think
Henry .
Preposition Determiner Pr o no u n Linking word
3 Words in sentences (C)
Is the underlined word a verb, a noun or an adjective?
?
Shall we go for a walk? noun
?
Shall we walk into town? verb
1
Laura wanted to talk to Rita.
2
Laura wanted a talk with Rita.
3
The windows aren't very clean .
4
Doesn't anyone clean the windows?
5
We went to a fabulous show in New York.
6
Laura wanted to show Rita her photos.
7
Henry thought Claire looked beautiful.
8
A strange thought came into Emma's head.
9
Sarah is feeling quite tired now.
10
Studying all night had tired Andrew out.
2. Sentence structure: subject, verb, object, etc
Sentence structure
The parts of a sentence are the subject, verb,
object, complement and adverbial. A statement
begins with the subject and the verb. There are
five main structures which we can use to make
a simple statement.
1 SUBJECT VERB
My arms are aching.
Something happened.
2 SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
/ need a rest.
Five people are moving the piano.
The subject and object can be a pronoun
(e.g. I) or a noun phrase (e.g. the piano).
3 SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT
This piano is heavy.
It was a big problem.
The complement can be an adjective (e.g.
heavy) or a noun phrase (e.g. a big problem).
The complement often comes after be. It can
also come after appear, become, get, feel, look,
seem, stay or sound. For adjectives and word
order see Unit 104B.
4 SUBJECT VERB ADVERBIAL
It is on my foot.
Their house is nearby.
An adverbial can be a prepositional phrase
(e.g. on my foot) or an adverb (e.g. nearby).
5 SUBJECT VERB OBJECT OBJECT
It s giving me backache.
David bought Melanie a present.
We use two objects after verbs like give and
send (see Unit 3).
B Adverbials
We can add adverbials to all the five main structures. My arms are aching
terribly. I really need a rest. Of course this piano is heavy. Fortunately
their house is nearby. To everyone's surprise, David actually bought Melanie
a present yesterday.
34, 36 Word order in questions 113 Adverbs and word order page 377 Seem, look etc in American English
2 Exercises
1 Parts of the sentence (A)
Mike and Harriet are on holiday. They have written a postcard to David and Melanie. Look at each
underlined phrase and say what part of the sentence it is: subject, verb, object, complement or adverbial.
► We're having a great time. object
1 The weather is marvellous. 4 We're on a farm .
2 We really enjoy camping. 5 We like this place .
3 It's great fun. 6 The scenery is beautiful .
2 Sentence structure (A)
After moving the piano, the five friends had a rest and a cup of tea.
Look at this part of their conversation and then write the letters a)- e) in the correct place.
a
David: That was a difficult job.
b
)
Tom: I agree.
c
Mike: I'm on my deathbed.
d
)
David: Someone should give us a medal.
e
Harriet: I've made some more tea.
► Subject + verb b
1 Subject + verb + object
2 Subject + verb + complement
3 Subject + verb + adverbial
4 Subject + verb + object + object
3 Word order (A)
Put the words in the correct order and write the statements.
► is / Melanie / very nice Melanie is very nice.
1 football / likes / Tom ………………………………………………
2 an accident / David / had ………………………………………………
3 moved / the piano / we ………………………………………………
4 a tall woman / Harriet / is ………………………………………………
5 sat / on the floor / everyone ………………………………………………
6 gave / some help / Mike's friends / him
4 Adverbials (B)
These sentences are from a news report. Write down the two adverbials in each sentence.
Each adverbial is a prepositional phrase or an adverb.
► Prince Charles opened a new sports in Stoke
centre in Stoke yesterday. yesterday
1 He also spoke with several young
people.
2 The sports centre was first
planned in 1994.
3 Naturally, the local council could not
finance the project without help.
4 Fortunately, they managed to obtain
money from the National Lottery.
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