I dedicate this book to my father and my uncle Cec,
who were strong examples to me in my life.
They have both now passed away.
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CONTENTS
Contributors ix
Preface xiii
1. A History of Radio in Australia 1
Phil Charley, Wayne Mac and Steve Ahern
2. Digital Radio in Australia 19
Steve Ahern
3. Radio 2.0 in the Digital Age 48
Steve Ahern
4. The Studio 58
Steve Ahern and Rod Pascoe
5. Broadcast Laws and Regulations 106
Steve Ahern and Joanna White
6. Radio Announcing 125
Steve Ahern, Georgia Brown and Dean Buchanan
7. Presentation 140
Steve Ahern and Dave Cameron
8. Interviewing 157
Jen Oldershaw and Lucienne Joy
9. Producing 176
Steve Ahern
10. Copywriting 193
Kevin Best
11. Audio Production 200
Phil McNab and Kevin Best
12. News 209
Russell Powell and Glenn Daniel
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viii MAKING RADIO
13. Talkback 228
Steve Ahern with Kevin Brumpton and Alan Jones
14. Research and Promotions 244
David Rogerson
15. Radio Sales 259
David Maxwell
16. Programming 270
Graham Smith and Steve Ahern
17. Torque Radio: The Radio Feature 295
Tony Barrell
18. Radio Comedy 305
Ian Heydon
19. The Transmission Chain 323
Gorden Smith
Glossary 339
Bibliography 354
Notes 359
Index 362
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CONTRIBUTORS
Tony Barrell is a highly respected feature and documentary producer
who had a long and successful career at ABC Radio National and is now
retired. Many of his specialist feature programs have won international
awards for their creativity and innovative subject matter.
Kevin Best works in his copywriting consultancy company, Heard,
which supplies creative expertise to Austereo stations. He was formerly
an award-winning producer and copywriter at various radio networks.
He regularly travels internationally to deliver consulting and training
presentations on high-level creative copywriting techniques.
Georgia Brown is a well-known voice-over artist and radio presenter.
She has worked as an announcer at metro stations including 2SM Sydney,
and has guest lectured in voice-over techniques at AFTRS. Before her
work in voice-over and radio she had a successful singing career.
Kevin Brumpton is a successful freelance writer who has worked in
both the television and radio industries. He was an editorial writer for
the John Laws show and a comedy writer for Doug Mulray’s breakfast
program, and has written comedy for many television shows.
Dean Buchanan is a radio programming consultant. He was previ-
ously Group Program Director at DMG Radio. He began his career
in New Zealand, moving through the announcing, pro motions and
programming ranks with Radio New Zealand, then joined Programming
and Research consultancy BP&R, consulting to more than 30 successful
stations around the world. At DMG he launched the Nova and Vega
networks as well as DMG’s digital radio stations.
Dave Cameron is the Today Network’s head of content and has spent
the last fi ve years programming FoxFM in Melbourne, Australia’s most
listened to radio station. He also oversees the Hamish & Andy Show
nationally. Dave has been with Austereo for 16 years, working in program-
ming and music roles at FoxFM, 2DayFM, SAFM, 929 and Triple M.
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x MAKING RADIO
Phil Charley is a veteran of the radio industry, having worked as an
announcer and manager in Australia and Papua New Guinea in a career
that spans fi ve decades. He received a Medal of the Order of Australia
for his services to the radio industry.
Glenn Daniel is the Group News Director for the Australian Radio
Network and reads the Breakfast news on WSFM in Sydney. Glenn has
been a radio journalist for 28 years and has also been News Director at
2SM, 2DAY-FM and Triple M Sydney.
Ian Heydon is an award-winning freelance writer who has worked
in radio and television. He has written three crime novels, two creative
writing texts, a novel for young adults, a children’s picture book, various
websites and a few songs.
Alan Jones is Sydney’s highest rating breakfast radio announcer
and most awarded talkback radio personality. His 2GB program has
won more consecutive surveys than any other radio personality. Alan
Jones was also a high profi le rugby union coach and a former school
teacher.
Lucienne Joy was formerly Head of Radio at AFTRS, and is a free-
lance presenter on both ABC and commercial radio stations including
2GB and ABC 702 Sydney and Classic FM.
Wayne Mac was an announcer and program director at various
commercial radio stations including 2CC Canberra. He is now a radio
historian and the author of Don’t Touch that Dial, a history of Australian
commercial radio since 1950.
David Maxwell is a lecturer at Charles Sturt University’s School of
Communication and Creative Industries. He teaches in the Bachelor
of Communication (Commercial Radio) course, including subjects
such as commercial radio, the industry, media sales communication,
advertising, channel planning and purchasing. Prior to joining CSU, in
a media career which spans 40 years, David held senior management
positions in media sales, including the position of General Manager
Sales and Marketing at Radio 2UE.
Phil McNab is a former production lecturer at AFTRS and award-
winning senior audio producer with the Australian Radio Network. He
is currently Production Manager at FM 103.2 in Sydney.
Jen Oldershaw has worked as an announcer and producer in
com munity, ABC and commercial radio. She spent 11 years at the Triple J
network then moved to Nova with the Merrick and Rosso breakfast team.
She is also a well-known voice-over artist and a lecturer at AFTRS.
Rod Pascoe is an award-winning sound recordist and microphone
specialist, mostly working in the fi lm industry. He is a regular lecturer
in sound recording techniques at AFTRS.
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CONTRIBUTORS xi
Russell Powell was at the forefront of Australian radio journalism
for over 20 years and now works in public relations. He worked in
senior editorial roles in three stations, including stints as News Editor
with 2UE and News Director with 2GB/Macquarie Network and ABC
NewsRadio.
David Rogerson is Managing Director of Strategic Media Solutions,
a programming, marketing and research consultancy that provides
services to media and communications companies. He has worked in
almost every facet of the radio industry from on-air presenting to group
program directing and national marketing manager roles.
Gorden Smith is the proprietor of broadcast transmission company
ARFC, which is based on the NSW Central Coast. His career as a
broadcast engineer has taken him to many countries, where he has
installed and consulted on transmitter installations over many years.
Graham Smith is now retired after a 40 year career in the radio
industry in on-air, programming and management roles for both
regional and metro markets. He was General Manager of Fox FM
Melbourne and Triple M in Sydney, Group GM for the Australian
Radio Network and GM of SEA FM and 2GO on the NSW Central
Coast.
Joanna White is a lawyer with experience in the community
commercial radio sectors, having worked at 5UV Adelaide and also
for the Austereo network. She was manager of 2SER-FM’s Macquarie
University studios in Sydney, and now lives overseas.
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PREFACE
When Making Radio was fi rst published, the main cover picture was
of an internet ‘Kerbango Radio’. Kerbango is now out of business and
the radios are no longer available but since then a new mix of media
has dawned, and radio keeps adapting to remain part of it. We are
now in the era of Radio 2.0. In the ten years since this book was fi rst
published, technology has changed rapidly and radio industry practices
have changed accordingly, so I have extensively updated this volume to
provide you with the latest viewpoints on those changes in technology
and in the marketplace.
Digital radio is now offi cially here in Australia and offers multi-
media enhancements beyond traditional radio; wireless internet delivers
the radio experience in a different way; podcasting offers time shifted
audio through user friendly interfaces; new multimedia devices mean
more competition for the ears of listeners; more stations are now on air
and electronic audience measurement will track success or failure with
far more accuracy than ever before. These are just some of the contem-
porary challenges facing radio broadcasters, who now need to think of
themselves as audio content creators in a multiplatform world.
This is a ‘how-to’ book for people in, or about to join, the radio
industry. It is not a theoretical look at the role of the media in the world
today. This book will help you build a successful career by making
good-quality, professional radio content in the face of the many changes
taking place in today’s radio industry.
The radio people who speak to you through these pages are all people
who have made quality radio on a daily basis. Yes, there is analysis. Yes,
hopefully there are ideas that will provoke you to further thought about
what you do and why it is important. But primarily this book sets out
to provide a practical approach to making good radio in the modern
multimedia landscape.
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xiv MAKING RADIO
As this book goes to print, Australia is one year into digital radio
using the world-leading DAB+ transmission system. The world is
looking to Australia for innovation in digital radio because all indi-
cations are that this country has achieved the right mix of technology,
marketing, programming and commercial focus to make the new
transmission system profi table and successful. Australia has a well-
regulated multi-sectored radio broadcast landscape which encourages
competition for both profi t and public benefi t, which has also been
a factor in the success of digital radio to date. A whole new chapter
has been devoted to exploring Australia’s digital radio case study in
this edition.
Events such as the 2000 ‘cash-for-comment’ enquiry, tight regional
content regulation and new licences have ushered in more changes and
tougher compliance. The radio industry also faces challenges from media
convergence, increasing the level of competition from other portable
audio media such as mobile phones, iPods, MP3 players, podcasts and
internet radio. These issues and others covered in the various chapters
of this book will affect you as a current or future radio broadcaster.
Think about them, and develop strategies that will help you to work
best within the new structures and work practices that are bound to
accompany these changes.
It has been my pleasure to work on this book with the many
pro fessional colleagues who have contributed to various chapters. This
is the third edition of this book; the fi rst edition of Making Radio was
published in 2000 and was reprinted again three years later due to
popular demand. Prior to the fi rst edition, an earlier book put together
by Lois Baird and her colleagues at AFTRS, called Guide to Radio
Production, was an important text for radio employees, and some of the
information from it is still contained in Making Radio.
Thank you to the AFTRS and CSU specialists who worked with
me on this book and to Elizabeth Weiss and Lauren Finger at Allen &
Unwin. My thanks to Liam Ahern and Deb McMahon for transcrip-
tions, and my wife, Serena, and our two boys, who were very much a
part of the many hours spent on this book.
Statistics used in this book were the most up to date available at the
time of publication.
The radio industry is all about performance, professionalism and,
very often, a good deal of stress. Here are some previously published
thoughts about this demanding industry.
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